Tummi

Meme Machines

Here an overview of other meme machines...

1274 - 1308 Llull's Art by Ramon Llull, Lullism

1964 - 1966 ELIZA by Joseph Weizenbaum at MIT

1968 - 1970 SHRDLU by Terry Winograd at MIT

1985 - today Cyc by Douglas Lenat at Cycorp

1993 - today START by Boris Katz at MIT

1995 - ????  A.L.I.C.E by Richard Wallace

2009 - today Wolfram|Alpha by Wolfram Research

2010 - today Siri by Apple

2011 - today Watson by IBM

2012 - today Debater by IBM

2014 - today Alexa by Amazon

2014 - today Xiaoice by Microsoft

2015 - 2023 Cortana by Microsoft

2016 - today Google Assistant by Google

2016 - today Aristo by Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence

2016 - 2016  Tay by Microsoft

2016 - 2019  Zo by Microsoft

2017             DrQA by Facebook Research

2018             BERT by Google Research [340 million parameters]

2019             ERNIE by Baidu

2020             Meena by Google Research [2.6 billion parameters]

2020             Turing-NLG by Microsoft Project Turing [17 billion parameters]

2020             Blender by Facebook AI [up to 9.4 billion parameters]

2020             GPT-3 by OpenAI  [175 billion parameters]

2021             Switch-C by Google [1.6 trillion parameters]

2023             GPT-4 by OpenAI [estimated: 1.76 trillion parameters]

2023             Watsonx by IBM [multiple models]

2023             Gemini by Google [former Bard, based on LaMDA]

2023             Copilot by Microsoft [based on OpenAI models]

2025             DeepSeek R1 by DeepSeek [Reasoning model, 671 billion parameters with MoE]

2025             GPT-4.5 by OpenAI [multimodal, estimated: 12.8 trillion parameters]

*** updated on 2025-03-02 ***

Tummi - Milestones

2023 - Roadmap update for Epsilon, Pi and Rho engine.

2021 - Roadmap update for Epsilon I, II, III, IV.

2020 - Roadmap for Tummi, Tummii and Tumiii.

2019 - Tummi v0001 pdf flowchart published.

2019 - Blog online.

2018 - Blueprint of an interlingual meme machine based on knowledge graphs
           bootstrapped with human expert knowledge but able to parse content
           automatically.

2018 - Project reopened, Watson didn't make it.

2011 - Project canceled, IBM's Watson wins in Jeopardy.

2010 - First prototype with an simple ontology as knowledge graph.

2008 - Convinced that RDF/SPARQL offer enough flexibility for an meme machine.

2008 - Experiments with neural networks and RDF/SPARQL.

2005 - Experiments with AIML.

2004 - Inspired by Kiwi Logic's virtual agents.

2003 - Convinced that an meme machine could answer IT HelpDesk emails.

2001 - Experiments with OOP and meme replication.

2001 - Journey starts, inspired by 'The Meme Machine' by Susan Blackmore who
            introduces the idea of artificial meme machines.

*** updated on 2025-02-07 ***

Tummi - The ultimate meme machine I

This blog is about Tummi, my attempt to create an artificial meme machine that is able to parse content in natural language and answer questions in natural language.

The last time I started such a hobby project it took me about 10 years to get into the techniques and understand the underlying principles. So maybe anno 2028 I will be able to judge if this blog was a foolish idea or not.

The name Tummi is derived from 'The Meme Machine' by Susan Blackmore and 'The Ultimate Machine' by Claude Shannon.

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